and Diagnosis The germ theory of disease came to the forefront, supplanting the earlier theories of disease causation. Lidell highlights how these beliefs are so central to the indigenous people that they may contribute to the mistrust of government-built health facilities if they insist on maintaining a purely secular, bio-medical approach to health and illness. In 1873, Pasteur advanced the germ theory of disease. Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. Atkinson S, Haran D. Individual and district scale determinants of users satisfaction with primary health care in developing countries. New York: Africana Publishing Corporation; 1969. p. XXXXI. Firstly, the organic or physical cause of the sickness has to be established by careful examination and questioning by the medicine man. We will also share examples on how these common beliefs provide explanation as cause of illness and its implications in our genetic counseling profession. Braine T. Health systems research is the best medicine. In: Fox JP, Hall CE, Elveback LR, editors. Choosing among five traditions. Helman (1990) presentation of lay theories of illness causation identified four sites; individual patient, the natural These conditions were often attributed to a curse and are referred to as Bezer Yemitelalef (genetically acquired disease). Unusual causes of emergence of antimicrobial drug resistance, Effect of the Gayatri Mantra Playing on Microbial Load in Room Air. Wilson. Creswell JW. PubMed Antibiotic alternatives in veterinary therapeutics. Looks like youve clipped this slide to already. Accordingly, people used to please the gods by prayers and offerings or used to resort to witchcraft to tame the devils. Felipe-Dimog EB, Tumulak MJR, Laurino MY, Daack-Hirsch S, Silao CLT, Conaco MCG, Padilla CD, Estacio LR Jr. J Community Genet. 0 Epub 2022 Apr 6. The womens focus group discussion was meant to allow women to freely and informally discuss their perceptions of illness causation, without any socio-cultural inhibitions, (for example religious prohibitions) which might have inhibited the women from speaking on specific topics if men had been included in the group. These postulates enabled the germ theory of disease to achieve dominance in medicine over other theories, such as humors and miasma. doi:10.1177/1049732310362400. The narratives of health among Tehuledere communities include three major themes that explained causes of ill-health: (i) supernatural (ii) natural elements or physical causes: (iii) social elements such as mistrust, social support/family dynamics as well as violation of taboos and moral injunctions. In contrast a stable home and family was seen as an important contributor to health. Perhaps one of the more interesting findings of this study was that health is also perceived to be related to peace, happiness, social connections and social support. These forces are believed to have unlimited power. He is interested in research on actinobacteria, myxobacteria, and natural products. Theories of illness causation derive from the underlying cognitive orientation of a cultural group, and therapeutic practice usually follows the same cultural logic. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2001. WHO. [Female, Study Community # 2]. The third theory is the sociobiology theory; the focus of biologist E.O. Beliefs on the causes of birth defects as perceived by mothers of children with birth defects in a tertiary care hospital in the Philippines. After teaching microbiology for more than four years, he joined the Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, to pursue his Ph.D. in collaboration with Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarbrucken, Germany. As part of this endeavor, we will describe in this paper seven common Filipino cultural beliefs: namamana, lihi, sumpa, gaba, pasma, namaligno, and kaloob ng Diyos. We found that the causes of ill-health were constructed and negotiated within the socio-cultural context of the study communities. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. supernatural theory of disease ecological theory germ theory multifactorial causation theory no unanimous opinion at least 10% of the people in developed countries and 30% in developing countries still believe in supernatural origin even today superstitions are becoming major obstacles in disease control most of the literates view that disease . 2022 Apr;13(2):183-191. doi: 10.1007/s12687-021-00543-2. Many natural objects were believed to be capable of mediating between the supreme deity and the ordinary humans. 2022 Dec;9(6):2560-2567. doi: 10.1007/s40615-021-01190-6. Similar to other cultural groups in developing countries around the world [11], many of the Tehuledere people attribute illness to the wrath of supernatural forces. They also articulated the role of natural causes and social relationships in maintaining good health. Krapf L. Travels, researches and missionary labour during an eighteen years residence in Eastern Africa. Medicine finally shed the rags of dogma and superstition and put on the robes of scientific knowledge. A belief of disease causation where it is thought illness is caused by misbehavior or intervention of a supernatural being. He approached this ethnographic work as an Amharic speaker and tradition bearer, a member of the Amhara elite, and also as a senior pharmacy professional. Anderson R. The efficacy of ethnomedicine: research methods in trouble. Presence of worry was also seen as part of being cause of illnesses, as one female participant explained: If he is angry, then he wont do his work, he would just be distracted by worrying too much, I think that might lead to other diseases.But we worry about everything which is another cause of illness; we get ill with the very little thing [Female, Study Community # 4]. Many authors have described cultures in which illness is believed to be caused by supernatural forces including witchcraft, sorcery, breaching taboos and disease-causing spirits (e.g., [2225]). For example, Wadaja, a communal prayer ceremony, is a common rite practiced in Tehuluedere. Consequently for many indigenous people, attempts to restore wellbeing through the utilization of biomedicine must include customary affirmation of the nature-spirit intercession as a feature of the recuperation process. According to this theory, the human body contains blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile. 4. In other words, the spirits supposedly reside in some human beings and rituals and/or prayers need to be performed to withdraw the evil spirits impacting ordinary people through these human agents. Young A. In Ethiopia, people use indigenous medical systems as an alternative health care service along with the biomedical health services [1, 6]. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. 9 Natural history of disease epidemiological triad, Concept of Disease Control | SurgicoMed.com, 2. unit no iii dynamic of disease, Community Health Nursing, Concept of disease. This level of familiarity would have increased the comfort participants felt sharing with the researchers. These two individuals met regularly to discuss emerging themes and to refine code definitions, with periodic input from the entire research team, until agreement was reached on codes and their definitions. The results of this study were based on a sample of purposively selected participants who identified as individual from Tehuledere community. Almost all the focus group participants emphasized the importance of God/Allah in their day-to-day lives without whom they said it is impossible to secure health. Ottawa 1986: The Fulcrum of Global Health Development. To act in this capacity qolle must be acknowledged and shown respect through appropriate rituals such as scarification of goats, respecting the local customs and values, etc., the spirit of the qolle are good for keeping relatives safe from harm and maintain health [Male, Study Community # 3]. In these communities, illness is perceived to have supernatural (e.g., almighty God/ Allah, nature spirits, and human agents of the supernatural), natural (e.g., environmental sanitation and personal hygiene, poverty, biological and psychological factors) and societal causes (e.g., social trust, experiences of family support and harmony; and violation of social taboos). Tehuledere was selected for the study because of the rich and unique indigenous medicinal beliefs, and practices in the area. The sample was diverse in terms of age and sex and agro-ecological condition of the setting. Epidemiology: man and disease. PubMedGoogle Scholar. and imbalance amongfour vital "humors within us. Murdock G. Theory of illness. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. A world survey. Members of the study community believes that supernatural, natural and social elements are linked to ill-health causation. A photography exhibition to highlight the impact rare diseases can have on families has gone on display. Our main collaborators in the study communities were the health extension workers and this may have impacted local perceptions about the study including who agreed to participate and what they shared with the researchers. . Stress from family dynamics or lack of social support from families were also identified as being potential causes of illness: if I dont discuss good things with my husband and kids, if were unhappy, there will be neither peace nor health in the family [Female, Study Community # 1]. Familial ectrodactyly syndrome in a Nigerian child: a case report. PubMed Central The common types of diseases in Nigeria are; Malaria Malaria is a risk for 97% of Nigeria's population. Ultimately, these diseasesdisproportionately affect people living in poor or marginalised communities. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the In addition, all participants who participated in the focus groups and interviews gave informed consent either in writing or verbally (for those who were illiterate) after they were provided information about the nature of the study, and assurances that specific comments would not be attributed to specific participants. This dichotomy was a key sensitizing concept that guided the design of this study. American journal of public health. These small organisms, too small to see without magnification, invade humans, other animals, and other living hosts. California Privacy Statement, Understanding the study communities perceptions of illness causation and ways of preventing diseases is very important in designing good health promotion and disease prevention strategies [28, 29]. Nigeria | 80 views, 8 likes, 0 loves, 1 comments, 2 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Catalyst Specialist Health Consult CSHC: Various Cultural theories of Disease causation in Nigeria Issues identified with administration and bureaucratic frameworks dont fit well with indigenous ill-health beliefs. Map of Tehuledere Woreda, South Wollo Zone, Amhara Regional State, North-eastern Ethiopia, 2014 [15]. Google Scholar. The miasma theory was the predominant theory of disease transmission before the germ theory took hold towards the end of the 19th century, and it is no longer accepted as a scientific theory of disease. We've encountered a problem, please try again. Bull World Health Organ. Fracastoro proposed that contagious diseases are caused by transferable "seed-like entities," which we now call germs. Homosexual Mathematician Who Rescued the World Still Died In Disgrace: The Br Configuration of audiogram_de6f98ffd3d657e86d774387bbfaf319.pdf, Science-What-do-plants-need-to-grow-PowerPoint.pptx, Associative_Memory_Neural_Networks_pptx.pptx, No public clipboards found for this slide, Enjoy access to millions of presentations, documents, ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more. For example, the research findings were shared with research participants and the local research assistants who confirmed the interpretations accurately reflected their perceptions and experiences. Lidell C, Barrett L, Bydawell M. Indigenous representations of illness and AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa. Glory Bassey. J Hum Lact. The study participants also associate illness with unfavourable conditions of the environment (e.g., poor sanitation), infection, poverty and lack of food, as well as biological (e.g., aging, genetics) and psychological causes such as stress and worry. We say in our culture, if there are arguments and fights there will be no peace then, it would shorten your life and laughter will be away from you. Foster M, Anderson B. Data obtained from our study indicated that the role of social prohibitions and the consequences of their violation were a key factor causing health problems in Tehuledere. So if he is able to work well and come back home without any stress, he becomes healthy [Male, Study Community # 1]. Another theory was that the kapre possessed the husband, . CAS Participants in most focus groups maintained that trust in ones married partner determines ones health. hb```DV cc`aa,z0wCV)M\yZT"dRUG>!^pJ4*IHm4 #W}Lg``T PA&cqhd' -`A=L7ppv. Study participants were adults over 30years of age identified by health extension workers in the area to be knowledgeable about local health traditions who were willing to participate in a conversation about their health. The .gov means its official. It would seem that any apprehensiveness is likely to have been eased, by the generally friendly and mutually respectful rapport most people have with their respective health extension workers. Foster GM. MeSH Activate your 30 day free trialto continue reading. . Disease in Africa has been the subject of a large number of rich studies. FOIA Exploring the rigging claims in Nigeria's . The ascription of misfortunes to natural objects pervaded by spirits seems to have been prevalent where by sicknesses, epidemic or contagious diseases and even death were explained in terms of punishment by enraged spirits. It was the golden age of bacteriology. 1). Simple statistics like frequency distribution, percentile were used. The views presented in the article are of the authors and do not necessarily express the views of the funding organization. Prev Chronic Dis. Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. Meadows LM, Morse JM. January 29, 2022 by Sagar Aryal The germ theory of disease is the currently accepted scientific theory for many diseases. The study communities rejoiced in their culture of eating together and sharing with those in need. statement and Google Scholar. Witchcraft beliefs in diseases causation and health-seeking behaviour in pregnancy of women in Calabar South-Nigeria . Correlated with personalistic etiologies are the belief that all misfortune, disease included, is explained in the same way; illness, religion, and Terms and Conditions, Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders. Kassaye KD, Amberbir A, Getachew B, Mussema Y. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co.; 1970. p. 31527. Being healthy means alemelekef [not having a spell]. Of the 54 accidental deaths, 31 (57%) were caused by RTAs. Mesfin H. Kahissay. Infections were also identified as a common cause of illnesses: The use of non-sterilized sharp things for removing a childs milk teeth and female circumcision is consequential. Data were analyzed thematically using narrative strategies. The relationship between diseases and their causes can be approached from different starting-points. Durowaye M, Adeboye M, Yahaya-Kongoila S, Adaje A, et al. WHO. This study explored the indigenous beliefs of ill-health causation among those living in the Tehuledere Woreda /district/ in North East Ethiopia from a socio-cultural perspective.
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