Sand lizards, native to the deserts of Europe and Asia, are nicknamed dancing lizards because of the way they quickly lift one leg at a time off the hot desert sand. The Potwar Plateau (also Potowar or Potohar) is a plateau in the province of Punjab, Pakistan and the western parts of Pakistan administered Kashmir. 4p3' i=w:RUKbo,HnD*eSN$'>;(b]Zh{g9QjbEz)5U]30!\5S\msd=_^hEyf`n'8C( (_n%Jp!OTCibD|zP|Jnb5!7yo>~Rr0O2sP{fgip)r3@l)swH:nmkOK'8l4 0}D Land between two rivers is called DOAB in the local language.[i.e. It is the largest desert of Pakistan and the onlysubtropicaldesert of Asia. The Peninsular plateau 4. In countries like Yemen, artificial wadis can carry enough water for whitewater rafting trips during certain times of the year.When deserts and water supplies cross state and national borders, people often fight over water rights. Water for irrigation is transported from hundreds of kilometers away, or drilled from hundreds of meters underground.Oases in desert climates have been popular spots for tourists for centuries. And most deserts, far from being empty and lifeless, are home to a variety of plants, animals, and other organisms. The Thal Desert has an approximate area of 20000 km square. Potwar Plateau and Salt Range 5. Light rains often evaporate in the dry air, never reaching the ground. This area has been inhabited by agricultural civilizations for at least 5,000 years. The Indus basin soils are mostly thick alluvium deposited by rivers and are of recent origin. At least 20,000 people were killed. The population density is very low due to the mountainous terrain and scarcity of water. . Soils in the vicinity of river courses are the most recent and vary in texture from sand to silt loam and silty clay loams. During a shortage of food or water, camels draw upon this fat for nutrition and moisture. The high plain of the Indus Plain is also called . A coastal desert may be almost totally rainless, yet damp with fog.The Atacama Desert, on the Pacific shores of Chile, is a coastal desert. For instance, it offers some of the most amazing views of sand dunes, the beauty of which is amplified by a flawless canopy of blue sky in the background. Biology, Ecology, Earth Science, Geology, Meteorology, Geography, Human Geography, Physical Geography, Social Studies, World History. One railway line serves the southern part of the region. Greens vehicle, the ThrustSSC, was the first car to break the sound barrier.Wind is the primary sculptor of a deserts hills of sand, called dunes. Jacobabad, in Sindh, has recorded the highest temperature in Pakistan, 127 F (53 C). They produce food in their green stems.Some desert plants, such as cactuses, have shallow, wide-spreading root systems. . In the Indian part of the desert, a second line goes from Merta Road to Suratgarh via Bikaner, and another connects Jodhpur and Jaisalmer. The desert was used for nuclear testing by the Pakistan military, making it the most famous of the five deserts. With little vegetation to anchor it, the thin topsoil quickly eroded. Some geographers designate additional major regions. Katpana desert is also known as The Cold desert. Since the 1960s, Lake Chad has shrunk to half its size. Wind builds dunes that rise as high as 180 meters (590 feet). But the region can go decades without rainfall. The hard, flat surface of desert salt flats are often ideal for car racing. Sheep and cattle have reduced the native vegetation in Patagonia, causing loss of valuable topsoil. Madagascar, for instance, is a tropical island in the Indian Ocean. The desert cities of Jodhpur, Bikaner, and Jaisalmer are a must-visit for tourists. A flash flood like this can sweep away anything and anyone in its path. These dams, along with a series of headworks and barrages built by the British and expanded since the independence of Pakistan in 1947, are of vital importance to the national economy and played an important role in calming the raging floodwaters of 1992, which devastated large areas in the northern highlands and the Punjab plains. The major soil groupings are Indus basin soils, mountain soils, and sandy desert soils. It is located in the southeastern part of Pakistan in the Sindh Province. Question 25. However, water is scarce. Most groundwater cannot be utilized, because it lies deep underground and is often saline. It seeps into the ground, where it can remain for thousands of years.Underground water sometimes rises to the surface, forming springs or seeps. By the time air masses from coastal areas reach the interior, they have lost all their moisture. Karakum desert. 'Indira Gandhi Canal' is the longest canal in Country (650 kms) watering part of the Thar desert. Relief features of the Tharparkar desert Get the answers you need, now! Besides, Thal, . When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. However, sugar cane is also harvested in the deserts of Pakistan and Australia. In Arabia, Australia and North Africa reach altitudes of 100 meters and lengths greater than 100 kilometers (Araucania Geological Routes, 2017). Water resources are getting depleted leading to the water crisis in Pakistan. White reflects sunlight, and the loose fit allows cooling air to flow across the skin.These robes of loose cloth can be adjusted (folded) for length, sleeves, and pockets, depending on the wearer and the climate. THREATS TO DESERT ECOSYSTEM OF PAKISTAN Desert areas already experience scarcity of water and due to climate change this problem is exacerbating. Under the agreement, waters of the Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej rivers are to be made available to the Indira Gandhi Canal mainly to irrigate portions of the Thar in western Rajasthan. We gave money to the Namibian Covid-19 response . The name Indus comes from the Sanskrit word "sindhu", meaning "ocean", from which also come the words Sindh, Hindu, and India. Throughout the Middle East, communities have dug artificial wadis, where freshwater can flow during rainy seasons. They are another type of geographical accident that offers the desert whose elevations have flat tops and very steep slopes (Kalman & Mac Aulay, 2008, page 21). Windstorms in the Sahara hurl so much material into the air that African dust sometimes crosses the Atlantic Ocean. With lush green vegetation of some of the rarest plant species of the country, this oasis of Cholistan Desert is one of its most unique features. Answer (4) Gobi Desert. The Indus Water Treaty of 1960 fixed and delimited the rights and obligations of both countries concerning the use of waters of the Indus River system. It is geographically the largest of Pakistan's four provinces, at 347,190km2 or 134,051 square miles, and composes 48% of the total land area of Pakistan. Tents can be rolled up and transported on pack animals (usually horses, donkeys, or camels). Freak FloodsDeserts are defined by their dryness. The amount of evaporation in a desert often greatly exceeds the annual rainfall. The roots of a mesquite tree, for example, can reach water more than 30 meters (100 feet) underground.Mesquites, saguaros, and many other desert plants also have thorns to protect them from grazing animals.Many desert plants are annuals, which means they only live for one season. As a result, wind and water erode the nutrient-rich topsoil. Zoom in to see major highways, railroads and airports. Death Valley, the lowest and driest place in North America, is in the rain shadow of the Sierra Nevada mountains. The Sindh. The range extends from the Jhelum River to the Indus, across the northern portion of the Punjab province. The semi-arid region of the Thar Desert is called "Bagar". This is called the urban heat island effect. Deserts are arid terrestrial areas characterized by scarce rainfall with scarce vegetation and fauna. Among the most prominent groups are the Rajputs, who inhabit the central Thar. A large canal-building project is currently underway to irrigate the land. Answer: Peninsular Plateau. 2) Rajmahal Hills are formed from rocks dating from the Jurassic Period. The dunes can be coastal or desert interiors. It has an arid climate with low vegetation cover. Precipitation throughout the country generally is erratic, and its volume is highly variable. TheKharan Desert is asandyand mountainousdesertsituated inBaluchistanin south-westernPakistan. They may be only slightly warmer than the surrounding desert.Deserts can hold economically valuable resources that drive civilizations and economies. A thunderstorm can send a fast-moving torrent of watera flash flooddown a dry arroyo. The ground heats the air so much that air rises in waves you can actually see. When the wind is constant, the shape of the curves is symmetrical. It also stores water in a manmade lake, Lake Nasser, to protect the countrys communities and agriculture against drought.Construction of the Aswan High Dam was a huge engineering project. The efficiency of the monsoonal precipitation is poor, because of its concentration from early July to mid-September, when high temperatures maximize loss through evaporation. Interior DesertsInterior deserts, which are found in the heart of continents, exist because no moisture-laden winds reach them. Some geographers designate Plateau as to the west of the imaginary southwest line; and the Indus Plain lies to the east of that line. They are home to around 1 billion peopleone-sixth of the Earths population.Although the word desert may bring to mind a sea of shifting sand, dunes cover only about 10 percent of the worlds deserts. [1] The city of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, sits in the Arabian Desert. (iii) This region receives very low rainfall, below 150 mm per year. Manhattan, KS (66502) Today. The Baluchistan Plateau 4. It is also the third-largest desert in Pakistan. Long-sleeved, full-length, and often white, these robes shield all but the head and hands from the wind, sand, heat, and cold. Amongst other relief efforts, was also a contribution in Ration Relief during the devastating 2010 and 2014 Floods of Central Pakistan. It has also spread into India. The Himalayas stretch continuously for about 2500km from east to west. South Africa is losing 300-400 million metric tons (330-441 short tons) of topsoil each year.Many countries are working to reduce the rates of desertification. Between the moist periods came periods of dryness much like todays.The Sahara is not the only desert to have dramatic climate change. These features differ from those of wetter regions, which are often gently rounded by regular rainfall and softened by lush vegetation.Water helps carve desert lands. In the desert, all these stomata would quickly dry out a plant. Tiny, high windows let in only a little light and helped keep out dust and sand. A large saguaro is a living storage tower that can hold hundreds of liters of water.Other desert plants have very deep roots. Areas facing reduced precipitation include areas with some of the largest deserts in the world: North Africa (Sahara), the American Southwest (Sonoran and Chihuahuan), the southern Andes (Patagonia), and western Australia (Great Victoria).In literature and in legend, deserts are often described as hostile places to avoid. Apart from the rural settlements, the majority of nomads earn their livelihood from livestock as they breed animals to be sold, milked and shorn for their wool. It has are mountains, desert areas, snowy areas and plain lands too. It has a total area of 175,000 square kilometers that covers the major areas of Pakistan and India. Topographical relief features of desert Economical lifestyle of desert Economical lifestyle of people in indus plain Names of deserts Passes of western mountain 5 rivers names Balochistan rivers How urdu is a symbol for unity. They are accumulations of abundant sand, null or dispersed vegetation and predominantly uniform winds that mold long crests separated by depressions and oriented at right angles obeying the strongest wind current. Archaeologists in the Sahara have been unsuccessfully looking for the Lost Army of Cambyses ever since.Water in the DesertRain is usually the main source of water in a desert, but it falls very rarely. The humps store fat. In 2011, Jeddah was struck by a sudden thunderstorm and flash flood. All these geographical features are spread over India. High elevations modify the climate in the cold, snow-covered northern mountains; temperatures on the Balochistan plateau are somewhat higher. Drilling into aquifers provides water for drinking, agriculture, industry, and hygiene. Kaffiyehs are secured around the head with a cord called an agal. The small city of Quetta was almost completely destroyed, and the adjacent military cantonment was heavily damaged. This lovely fact file will introduce the size and scale of deserts across the world and help children understand the importance of these often mysterious habitats. If desert communities use groundwater faster than it is replenished, water shortages can occur. The Sahara Desert is almost the size of the entire continental United States. Similar lush conditions existed as recently as 25,000 years ago. There are three relief (Physical Features) of Pakistan. The Indus River, one of the great rivers of the world, rises in southwestern Tibet, only about 160 kilometers west of the source of the Sutlej River, which joins the Indus in Punjab, and the Brahmaputra, which runs eastward before turning southwest and flowing through Bangladesh. States of the Colorado River Basin continue to negotiate today to prepare for population growth, agricultural development, and the possibility of future droughts.Life in the DesertPlants and animals adapt to desert habitats in many ways. They include:-. The Desert (The Thar) 6. Geologists call it 'The Great Indian Desert' because it is the biggest desert in the subcontinent. Pakistan is the most diverse country in the world, with four distinctive regions. As the air rises, it cools and drops its moisture as heavy tropical rains. In all deserts, there is little water available for plants and other organisms.Deserts are found on every continent and cover about one-fifth of Earths land area. Fennec fox communities work together to dig large burrows, some as large as 93 square meters (1,000 square feet). These soils are medium to fine in texture, have low organic content, and are highly productive under conditions of irrigation and fertilization. Aridity is the most pervasive aspect of Pakistans climate, and its continental nature can be seen in the extremes of temperature. This is an extensive area of 347,190 km 2 with a number of distinct natural topographical and drainage features that can be identified as follows: Basins of Northern Balochistan Basins of Western Balochistan Mountain ranges Coastal areas Salt Range in District Minawali Punjab Pakistan Salt Range [ edit] It has height up to of 4712 metres. Pakistan is rich in natural beauty and scenic views. Sometimes, rock is carved into tablelike formations such as mesas and buttes. Lowest point: Sea level Seeking greater economic opportunities, farmers in Madagascar engaged in slash-and-burn agriculture. This has happened among the states in the Colorado River Basin, which have negotiated for many years over the division of the rivers water. This desert consists of a very dry part, the Marusthali region, in the west, and a semi-desert region in the east with fewer sand dunes and slightly more precipitation. In general, the nomads are symbiotically related to the sedentary population and its economy. The air then cools and forms clouds that drop moisture on the windward (wind-facing) slopes. The topography of Pakistan is divided into seven geographic areas: the northern highlands, the Indus River plain, the desert areas, the Pothohar Plateau, Balochistan Plateau, Salt Range, and the Sistan Basin. It has mountains, rivers, plains, plateaus and deserts. Climatologists identify this period as the Green Sahara.Archaeological evidence of past settlements is abundant in the middle of what are arid, unproductive areas of the Sahara today. These oases are supported by some of the worlds largest supplies of underground water. Over time, the plateaus become very narrow because of the strong wind blowing and then they are called isolated hills. The Indus Valley Desert is located in the northern area of Pakistan. The southern region is known as Makran. Rajasthan, India: Thar Desert vegetation There are four basic types of desert depending on the climate: hot and dry, semi-arid, coastal and cold. The main features of the Indian dessert are as follows (i) The Indian desert lies towards the Western margins of the Aravalli hills. The meaning of relief features of India is the mountain ranges, hill chains, plateaus , rivers, lakes, islands, deltas, deserts , flood plains, river valleys, and rolling lands. Omissions? Small pores in the leaves, called stomata, take in carbon dioxide. Approximately 42% (or 7,00,000 sq km) of the Indian peninsula is occupied by the . Between 8000 and 3000 BCE, for example, the Sahara had a much milder, moister climate. WASHINGTON The majority conservative wing of the U.S. Supreme Court appear skeptical that the Biden administration has the authority to implement a federal student debt relief program that was These cliff dwellings, sometimes dozens of meters off the ground, were constructed with thick, earthen walls that provided insulation. A major earthquake centred in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa's Kohistan District in 1965 also caused heavy damage. The Himalayas 2. It adjoins the Thar Desert, extending over toSindhand into India. It has three further sub-parts: Tharparker, Naa and Cholistan. Some areas of the Atacama are often covered by fog. The catchment area of the Indus is estimated at almost 1 million square kilometers, and all of Pakistan's major rivers (the Kabul River, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, and Sutlej) flow into it. "We mobilised close to half-a-billion Namibia dollars in just about three years. Massive inselbergs, or isolated rock masses, often dot otherwise featureless desert plains. The plain is the western part of the Northern Plain in Pakistan formed by the Indus River and its tributaries. The oil industry draws companies, migrant workers, engineers, geologists, and biologists to the Middle East.DesertificationDesertification is the process of productive cropland turning into non-productive, desert-like environments. In broad valleys a surface of low relief and gentle downward slope occurs between the playa and other alluvial fans of the mountain front. Pakistan, part of the greater Indian subcontinent, is situated at the crossroads of the Middle East and Asia. Coastal areas, The Salt Range is a hill system in the Punjab province of Pakistan, deriving its name from its extensive deposits of rock salt. Leeward slopes face away from prevailing winds.When moisture-laden air hits a mountain range, it is forced to rise. Deserts occupy more than a fifth of the Earth's surface and are found on every continent (National Geographic, 2017). These shimmering waves confuse the eye, causing travelers to see distorted images called mirages.Temperature extremes are a characteristic of most deserts. Agreements that were made in the early 20th century failed to account for Native American water rights. Many desert dwellers rely on groundwater, stored in aquifers below the surface. [2] The Warsak Dam on the Kabul River near Peshawar is smaller. However, fennec foxes have adapted so they do not have to drink water at all: Their kidneys retain enough water from the food they eat.Most xerocoles are nocturnal. Strongly alkaline soils are localized in some small patches. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. However, the very mode of soil formation gives rise to their diversification even within small areas. This desert was the site of Pakistans second nuclear test,Chagai-II, which was carried out on 30 May 1998. The Thar Desert receives very low amount of rainfall (100 to 150 mm per year) 'Luni' is the only river in the Thar Desert. Saguaro cactuses, which live in the Sonoran Desert of Arizona and northern Mexico, expand like accordions to store water in the cells of their trunks and branches. It is bordered by Iran and Afghanistan on the west; China on the north; the disputed territory of Jammu and Kashmir on the northeast; India on the east; and the Arabian Sea on the south. For example, the mountain ranges along the . They are important in forming the monsoon type of climate in India. Where are the Aravali hills located? Dew can collect in these burrows, providing the foxes with fresh water. Tilla Jogian, second highest peak in Potwar Rainwater, including water from flash floods, collects in large depressions called basins. Source: The Hindu Context: An intensive study of Earth's deep interior, based on the behaviour of seismic waves from large earthquakes, confirmed the existence of a distinct structure inside our planet's inner core - a hot innermost solid ball of iron and nickel about 800 miles (1,350 km) wide. Abstract. The Thal Desert is located in northeastern Pakistan between the Indus and Jhelum rivers. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. Famous deserts of Pakistan, Pakistan is a country located in South Asia and occupies a total area of 827,913 square kilometres, making it the sixth-largest country in the world.It also has an estimated population of 207 million. The deserts of Patagonia, the largest in South America, are expanding due to desertification. There are also vast deserts in Pakistan. Out of these, the plains are the most abundant relief feature found in India. Thar desert. The Thar Desert spans an area of 175,000 square kilometers and covers large areas of Pakistan and India. The surface of the desert is a wild maze of sand dunes and sand ridges. Irrigation will make most of the desert suitable for farming. All in all, over 5000 persons have benefitted from the Build Bright Pakistan initiative. As it approaches the tropics, the air descends and warms up again. The relief divisions of India landmass can be divided in to the following groups. This evidence includes rock paintings, graves, and tools. Cities like Phoenix, Arizona, or Kuwait City, Kuwait, have a much smaller urban heat island effect. The most notable desert resource in the world is the massive oil reserves in the Arabian Desert of the Middle East. . 1. About 90 percent of the total annual rainfall occurs during the season of the southwest monsoon, from July to September (see also Indian monsoon). Playas, also called sinks, pans, or salt flats, can be hundreds of kilometers wide.The Black Rock Desert in the U.S. state of Nevada, for instance, is all that remains of the prehistoric Lake Lahontan. This warming has effects beyond simply making hot deserts hotter. The Mojave Desert, in southern California and Nevada, for instance, is sinking due to aquifer depletion. These developing countries use Lake Chads shallow waters for agriculture, industry, and hygiene. However, it comes at a cost to the environment. Figs, olives, and oranges thrive in desert oases and have been harvested for centuries.Some desert areas rely on resources brought from more fertile areasfood trucked in from distant farmlands or, more frequently, water piped from wetter regions. Pakistans soils are classified as pedocals, which comprise a dry soil group with high concentrations of calcium carbonate and a low content of organic matter; they are characteristic of a land with low and erratic precipitation. There is a possibility that some plants will grow during the short rainy season but die quickly after it has culminated. The Thars desert sands overlie Archean (early Precambrian) gneiss (metamorphic rocks formed between 4 billion and 2.5 billion years ago), Proterozoic (later Precambrian) sedimentary rocks (formed about 2.5 billion to 541 million years ago), and more-recent alluvium (material deposited by rivers). The Thal canal system, which draws water from the barrage, has turned parts of the desert into fertile cultivated land. Punjab means the "land of five waters": the Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, and Sutlej rivers. The animals do not store water in their humps, as people once believed. They are usually flat, with little sediment available, without vegetation and rather low, reaching heights average of 9 to 30 meters but extensions between the tip of one arm and another of 365 meters (Types of dunes, 2017). Large areas of desert soil are irrigated by water pumped from underground sources or brought by canal from distant rivers or lakes. Winds at speeds of about 100 kilometers per hour (60 miles per hour) sweep through some deserts. 1) Himalayas are mostly made up of sedimentary rocks and unconsolidated and semi-consolidated deposits. The Islands. Elephants, gazelles, rhinos, giraffes, and people used stream-fed pools and lakes.There were three or four other moist periods in the Sahara. GS Paper 1. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The high Himalayan ranges border Pakistan to the north. Pakistan is one of the few countries in the world that has all regions. Thar Desert marks the border for India and Pakistan. In the submontane areas under subhumid conditions these soils are noncalcareous and have slightly higher organic content. Thal Desert 2. These windbreaks anchor the soil and prevent sand from invading populated areas.In Chinas Tengger Desert, researchers have developed another way to control wandering dunes. Older dunes, however, are in a semi-stabilized or stabilized condition, and many rise to a height of almost 500 feet (150 metres) above the surrounding areas. In India alone, this desert stretches its boundaries to Gujarat . Corrections? Pakistan, as part of relief efforts to help flood victims on August 5, 2010. National Geographic Environment: Desert Landscapes. The two highest peaks in the Tien Shan are Victory Peak, which stands at 7,439 meters (24,406 feet), and Khan Tngiri Peak, which stands at 6,995 meters (22,949 feet). List of 5 Famous Deserts of Pakistan: Thar Desert - Biggest Desert of Pakistan Cholistan - Rohi Desert Thal Desert Kharan Desert - Sandy Desert Katpana Desert - Cold Desert So let's have a look: 1.
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