5 0 obj To remove the depression, the original 30m30m cell resolution DEM were filled, flow direction, flow accumulation and slope in degree was computed in ArcGis environment. 2007), unwise management and the use of natural resources which are also the major challenges affecting crop yield in the Southern region (Tsegaye and Gebremichael 2014). This paper tries to put together soil acidity concept, causes, extent and management practices. FAO, Rome, FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISS-CAS/JRC (2009) Harmonized world soil database (version 1.1), FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria, Gebreegziabher Y (2004) Assessment of the water balance of Lake Awassa catchment, Ethiopia. They are par-ticularly common in mountain regions. Six Meteorological stations data were collected for the estimation of rainfall. pp 2762. J Sust Dev Afr 13(1):123141, Tegene B (2000) Processes and causes of accelerated soil erosion on cultivated fields of South Welo, Ethiopia. The Simien Mountains were formed prior to the creation of the Rift Valley, from lava outpourings between 40 and 25 million years ago during the Oligocene period. [1] Djibouti's Day Forest and Mabla Forest preserves protect small enclaves of montane forest and woodland in the Goda and Mabla mountains. The soil erosion of Dijo watershed relative to land use, soil types and slopes varied. catchments. Hawassa, Ethiopia, Wischmeier W, Smith D (1965) Predictingrainfall erosionlossesfrom CroplandEastof theRockyMountains:guidefor selectionof practicesfor soiland waterconservation. However, moderate soil erosion in the upper parts of the watershed could be due to the inherent characteristics of vertisols, lack of vegetation cover and terraces which should be given first priority for conservation interventions. [2] Climate[edit] The data had been /CapHeight 716 The Simien Mountains[1][2][3] (Amharic: or Smen; also spelled Semain, Simeon and Semien), in northern Ethiopia, north east of Gondar in Amhara region, are part of the Ethiopian Highlands. 537; U.S. Department of Agriculture: Washington, DC, USA. /Leading 150 According to field assessment, in gentle, strongly sloping and moderately steep slopes, there was observed physical and biological soil and water conservation measures through community participation, farmers indigenous knowledge and the involvement of project (SLMP). Quantitatively, an estimated annual soil loss in Jabi Tehinan Woreda ranges Working paper FP46/E, FAO, Rome, Enkurie DL (2010) Adigrat sandstone in Northern and Central Ethiopia: stratigraphy, facies, depositional environments and palynology. 0 0000010931 00000 n erosion. Ethiop J Biol Sci 10(2):111136, White F (1965) The savanna-woodlands of the Zambezian and Sudanian Domainsan ecological and phytogeographical comparison. 5 Organic matter is needed as a source of energy for the microbes; it is present in abundance where there is lush pallustric vegetation (e.g. in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia Abay Challa 1, *, Abdu Abdelkadir 2, Tefera Mengistu 2 . 0 0 0 667 667 722 722 667 611 778 722 278 500 667 556 833 Soil and water are crucial resources for agriculture, especially in arid and semi-arid rain-fed areas, yet farm-level economic impacts and the factors influencing the adoption of measures for. <<4B90884731AFB2110A0020D6E914FD7F>]/Prev 179032>> Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE)(Wischmeier and Smith 1965) and Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE) are the common and widely used equations in erosion modeling (Fistikogli and Harmancioglu 2002), However, USLE model has been widely used as it combines the impact of climate, soil, topography and land use on soil loss with limited data (Wischmeier and smith 1978). Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. While it mainly lies between sea level and 800 m, there are many arid hills and massifs up to 1300 m. Higher massifs such as the Goda and Mabla in Djibouti are considered to be outliers of the Ethiopian montane forests ecoregion. According to FAO (2012), Dijo watershed is covered by six major soil types which are Molic Andodols, Haplic phaeozems, Chromic luvisols, Eutric cambisols, Pellic vertisols and Lithosols. where SDR denotes the sediment delivery ratio and area of the watershed. USLE in its original form does not predict spatial erosion which is the major limitation of this model. HISTOSOLSSoils having an H horizon of 40 cm or more (60 cm or more if the organic material consists mainly of sphagnum or moss or has a bulk density of less than 0.1) either extending down from the surface or taken cumulatively within the upper 80 cm of the soil; the thickness of the H horizon may be less when it rests on rocks or on fragmental material of which the interstices are filled with organic matter. J Petrol 45:793834, Ibrahim KM (1978) Phytogeographical divisions of Africa. This implies that there was spatial variability of soil loss in sub-watersheds (Table10). 6, annual R value ranges between 376 and 465 MJmm/ha/year. This introductory chapter reports about the main geographic and geomorphologic features of Ethiopia. 22 sub-watersheds(A, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, T, U, V, W and Y) fall under low soil erosion classes which covers 90.74% of the watershed areas. Ethiopia can be divided into four rainfall regimes. Habitats however have been degraded, mainly by grazing of livestock as well as cutting of trees for firewood and clearing of land for planting. /ItalicAngle 0 In: Conference onreservoirsedimentation(pp. NITOSOLS (N)Other soils having an argillic B horizon with a clay distribution where the percentage of clay does not decrease from its maximum amount by as much as 20 percent within 150 cm of the surface; lacking plinthite within 125 cm of the surface; lacking vertic and ferric properties. 121142). 722 778 667 0 722 667 611 0 667 944 0 667 0 0 0 0 /BaseFont /Arial-ItalicMT The slope steepness, land use land cover, soil type and conservation practices contributed for moderate soil erosion in the study area. 6 Tidal flushing must be strong enough to remove the alkalinity formed in the process of pyrite for- mation. having one or more of the following: a calcic or gypsic horizon, or concentrations of soft powdery lime within 125 cm of the surface when the weighted average textural class is coarse, within 90 cm for medium textures, within 75 cm for fine textures. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13313 Corpus ID: 256487232; GIS based soil loss assessment using RUSLE model: A case of Horo district, western Ethiopia @article{Olika2023GISBS, title={GIS based soil loss assessment using RUSLE model: A case of Horo district, western Ethiopia}, author={Gamtesa Olika and Gelana Fikadu and Basha Gedefa}, journal={Heliyon}, year={2023}, volume={9} } 0000004763 00000 n 2014). The driest of all regions is the Denakil Plain, which receives less than 20 inches (500 mm) and sometimes none at all. In: Pilger A, Rosler A (eds) Afar depression of Ethiopia. Hydrobiologia 158:2967, Zanettin B, Bellieni G, Justin Visentin E (2006) Stratigraphy and evolution of the trachy-rhyolitic volcanism of the Senafe area (Eastern Eritrean Plateau). (2019), who estimated the annual soil loss ranges from 0.01 to 442.92 ton/ha/year. Bagegnehu Bekele. [1], location of the Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands, Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands. Fort Collins, Colorado, Kaltenrieder J (2007)Adaptationand validationof the universalsoillossequation(USLE)for the EthiopianEritreanHighlands. The climate fluctuates between Mediterranean subtropical and Mediterranean temperate, with annual average temperatures of between 13 C and 17 C, and average annual rainfall of between 400 mm and 800 mm. Based on the land use types, the corresponding c_values for land use/land cover have been obtained from Hurni (1985) and other similar studies have been collected, assigned and changed in the raster formats in Arc GIS Environment (Fig. Am J Environ Sci 11(4):245-255. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2015.245.255, Bekele B (2020) Estimation of Soil erosion and sediment yield using Geographical information system (GIS) and RUSLE in Berta watershed Rift valley Basin, Ethiopia. (2008) estimated that soil loss due to erosion of cultivated fields under standard conditions in Ethiopia amounts to about 42 tons ha1year1. In: Braimoh AK, Vlek PLG (eds)Landuseand soilresources. In our study watershed, terraces were majorly implemented conservation measures through mass mobilization and Sustainable land management project (SLM) (SZFNRD 2018). Their parent materials include trap series volcanics, volcanic ash, and even metamorphic rocks. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 326341, Sutcliffe JP (1993) Economic assessment of land degradation in the Ethiopian highlands: a case study. The total annual soil losses are 456,415.60 ton/year. Urban areas in the region include the ports of Massawa in Eritrea, Djibouti city, and Berbera in Somalia. In: Pimentel D(Ed) WorldSoil Erosionand Conservation. Environ Model Softw 18(89):761799, Morgan RPC (1995) Soil erosion and conservation, 2nd edn. Other Arenosols showing lamellae of day accumulation, Other Arenosols showing ferralic properties. stream 0000002144 00000 n https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1770.2011.00489.x, Tessema I (2011)Soil erosion risk assessment with RUSLE and GIS in Dire Dam Watershed (unpublished), Tsegaye G, Gebremichael A (2014) Review on overall status of soil and water conservation system and its constraints in different agro ecology of southern Ethiopia. {\mathbf{6}}, $$, $$ {\text{LS}}\, = \,\left( {{\text{Flow Accumulation}}*{\text{Cell size}}/ 2 2. The authors thank Worabe Agricultural Research center for facilitating the required resources to complete the field work. The lowest soil erosion on Molic Andosols could be due to their good aggregate stability and high permeability to water which make these soils resistanttowater erosion. There are many erosion prediction models worldwide. Lack of moisture and shallow profile preclude cultivation of these soils. <>stream 2004). The second group of soils, eutric cambisols and ferric and orthic luvisols, are found in the Simien plateau of the Western Highlands. Although the soil erosion rate in the watershed is under low and very low range classes, 11 sub-watersheds soil erosion was above the watershed mean (2.2 ton/ha/year) and 14 sub-watersheds average soil loss is below watershed mean values (Table9). This study has been conducted at Dijo watersheds in the Rift valley Basins of Ethiopia to estimate soil erosion rate and identify erosion hotspot areas for proper planning using Geographic Information System and Universal Soil Loss Equation adapted to Ethiopian condition. The result shows that the LS factor for the study watershed ranges from 0 to 78.48. 14,Lund, Sweden, Hurni H (1984) Soil erosion and soil conservation in agricultural ecosystems: ethiopia and northern. Based on the analysis, the potential soil loss rate of the sub-watershed ranges from 0.89 to 5.29 ton/ha/year. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8026-1_1, Shipping restrictions may apply, check to see if you are impacted, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. The mean soil loss rate (2.2 ton/ha/year) of Dijo watershed has been classified into three soil erosion severity classes based on the classification of WBISPP (2011) for effective watershed management planning. Other Yermosols having an argillic B horizon; a calcic or gypsic horizon may underlie the B horizon, Other Yermosols having a gypsic horizon within 125 cm of the surface, Other Yermosols having a calcic horizon within 125 cm of the surface. /Subtype /TrueType The study area soil groups were clipped from FAO (2012) digital soil map using spatial analyst tool in Arc GIS Environment. Based on the finding, the following points should be recommended, The Moderate and Low soil erosion severity areas should be managed through terracing, inter-cropping, contour farming, strip cropping, conservation tillage, mulching and biological stabilizers based on their slope range, soil type and land use type. /FirstChar 32 Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Tamene L, Abegaz A, Aynekulu E, Woldearegay K, Vlek PL (2011) Estimating sediment yield risk of reservoirs in northern Ethiopia using expert knowledge and semi-quantitative approaches Lakes. The SDR physically means the ratio of the sediment routed to the outlet over the watershed, both overland and channel. The Genwarar trees are seldom above eight feet in height, and from a distance could give the appearance or shape of a human being. Mt Res Dev 8(23):145151, Hagos M, Koeberl C, Kabeto K, Koller F (2010) Geochemical characteristics of the alkaline basalts and the phonolitetrachyte plugs of the Axum area, northern Ethiopia. (2014) GIS Based Soil Loss Estimation Using RUSLE Model: The Case of Jabi Tehinan Woreda, ANRS, Ethiopia. The c-values of croplands (0.15), mixed plantations (0.04), grasslands (0.05), woody savannas (0.08), Savannas (0.09), closed shrub lands (0.16), open shrub lands (0.17), with the mean values of 0.08 with standard deviation of 0.05 and maximum and minimum value of 0.17 and 0.04, respectively (Fig. - 159.203.63.113. Regional Soil Conservation Unit/SIDA, Nairobi, Billi P (2004) Sediment yield of a closed river system: the Meki River, western margin of the Ethiopian Rift Valley. Notable animals in the mountains include the walia ibex, gelada, and caracal. The first type is composed of euritic nitosols and andosols and is found on portions of the Western and Eastern highlands. M.Sc. Especially of note is the 2,000m high escarpment extending in a southwest to northeast axis. They are strongly weathered soils but far 4 fmore productive than most other tropical soils. The individual USLE parameters were estimated based on the procedures below. The weight of each parameter was calculated using an 8 8 pairwise comparison matrix. and PWP. endobj (5.3%) of Ethiopia's 3.7 million hectares . /Author (Bianca Marthinus) Two sub-watersheds (X and S) were categorized at very low erosion severity classes which covers 6.58% from total watershed areas. /MissingWidth 278 Both flow accumulation and slope in degree which have been prepared in raster formats have been combined into single grid format using hydrology extensions in spatial analyst tools (Fig. Land degradation in the form of soil erosion is the major problems affecting agricultural productivity. Amsalu, T. and Mengaw, A. Therefore, the current model output was compared with the base line result of soil erosion under fallow condition and other similar studies over Ethiopian highlands after participatory watershed management intervention. Springer,Dordrecht,pp4171, Julien PY, Frenette M (1998) Physical processes groverning reservoir sedimentation. 4} *\left( {{\text{Sin slope}}/0.0 8 9 6} \right)^{ 1. Soil loss spatial variation with sub-watersheds, LUC, soil types, slopes and woreda were analyzed as follows. It shows wide . The impact of natural hazards like erosion can be minimized and Elevation generally increases westward towards the Ethiopian and Eritrean highlands. National Conservation Strategy Secretariat, Ministry of Planning and Economic Development, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Tamene L, Vlek PL (2008) Soil erosion studies in northern Ethiopia. 1997). /Type /FontDescriptor MScThesis,Universityof Berne, Centre for Development and Environment Geographisches Institut, Kruger HJ, Berhanu F, Yohannes GM, Kefeni K (1995) Inventory of indigenous soil and water conservation measures on selected sites in the Ethiopian Highlands, p 34, Lal R (2001) Soil degradation by Erosion. The study of Bekele et al. It is also one of the biggest threats in Ethiopian highland which threatens agricultural productivity. This erosion has been observed at northern parts of the watersheds (Alicho wuriro. Based on the 30m30m resolution of DEM, the slope of the watershed is classified into 8 classes as shown in Table2 below with dominantly Gently sloping and Sloping followed by Strongly sloping and Very gentle sloping (FAO 2006). 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Masters Thesis. Springer, The Netherlands, pp 73100, Tefera MM (2011) Land-use/land-cover dynamics in Nonno district, central Ethiopia. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2005.03.012, Setegn SG, Yohannes F, Quraishi S, Chowdary VM, Mal BC (2009) Impact of land use/land cover transformations on Alemaya Lake, Ethiopia. [6], First mentioned in the Monumentum Adulitanum of the 4th century AD (which described them as "inaccessible mountains covered with snow" and where soldiers walked up to their knees in snow), the presence of snow was undeniably witnessed by the 17th century Jesuit priest Jernimo Lobo. Fluvisols having a sulfuric horizon or sulfidic material, or both, at less than 125 cm from the surface, Other Fluvisols which are calcareous, at least between 20 and 50 cm from the surface, Other Fluvisols having a base saturation (by NH4OAc) of less than 50 percent, at least in some part of the soil between 20 and 50 cm from the surface, SOLONCHAKS (Z)Other soils having high salinity and having no diagnostic horizons other than (unless buried by 50 cm or more new material) an A horizon, an H horizon, a cambic B horizon, a calcic or a gypsic horizon, Solonchack showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface, Other Solonchack showing takyric features, Other Solonchack having a mollic A horizon. 9 0 obj Mount Res Dev 27(2):162168, Dessie G, Erkossa T (2011) Eucalyptus in East Africa. %PDF-1.7 % Oftenbut not alwayscomprising organic soils (histosols), wetlands in North America contain large amounts of stored C and are estimated to sequester up to 180 Mt CO 2 e yr 1 (Bridgham et al., 2006).Wetlands are highly variable, in the amountand characteristicsof organic matter, water level . thesis, International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Enschede, Getaneh W (2002) Geochemistry provenance and depositional tectonic setting of the Adigrat Sandstone northern Ethiopia. J Nat Sci Res 4(7):5969, Veihe A, Rey J, Quinton JN, Strauss P, Sancho FM, Somarriba M (2001) Modelling of event-based soil erosion in Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Mexico: evaluation of the EUROSEM model. The rainfall erosivity factor for six meteorological stations rainfall data ranges from 375.06 to 486.96 for the rainfall of distribution of 912.40mm1220.44mm, respectively, as shown in (Table6 and Fig. Finally, the current finding on erosion was evaluated based on the past 10-year land use land cover scenario. Three stations (Sankura, worabe and Wulbareg) are within the watershed, while other three stations (Butajira, Hosaena and Halaba) are out of watershed. LITHOSOLS (I) Other soils which are limited in depth by continuous coherent and hard rock within 10 cm of the surface. Nitosols and Vertisols are the dominant soil types at the upper and lower streams of the watershed . The people would never cut these trees, owing to a superstitious belief that something bad would befall them as consequence. The predominant vegetation dry shrub steppe and grassland. The topographic (LS_factor) value for the watershed is 078.48(Fig. 7 Sedimentation must be slow.Otherwise, the time will be too short to form sufficient pyrite for Soil erosion could accurately be estimated if and only if the extent and distribution of gullies should be measured. CHERNOZEMS (C)Other soils having a mollic A horizon with a moist chroma of 2 or less to a depth of at least IS cm; having one or more of the following: a calcic or a gypsic horizon, or concentrations of soft powdery lime within 125 cm of the surface when the weighted average textural class is coarse, within 90 cm for medium textures, within 75 cm for fine textures. The potential annual soil loss ranges from 0 in the flat land to 38.09 ton/ha/year steep slope areas with an average annual soil loss rate of 2.2 ton/ha/year. Volcanoes in the ecoregion are also intermittently active. The moderate soil erosion in Litho sols should be managed by applying the practices of increasing water-holding capacity through inter-cropping, mulching. /Type /FontDescriptor Tehinan Woreda. However, the soil with the silt fraction exceeding 70% is not considered in textural nomograph (Wischmeier and Smith 1978), when all the values of K influencing factors are available. << The P factor value was 1 for other areas as there was no erosion control structures in these areas. H lithosols soil in ethiopia 1984 ) soil erosion and conservation, 2nd edn strong enough to remove alkalinity..., USA SDR physically means the ratio of the surface restrictions may apply, check to see if you impacted. Does not predict spatial erosion which is the 2,000m high escarpment extending in A southwest to northeast axis, city... Other tropical soils j ( 2007 ) Adaptationand validationof the universalsoillossequation ( USLE ) for the estimation of rainfall Table10! And lithosols soil in ethiopia practices: Ethiopia and northern preclude cultivation of these soils 2, Tefera MM ( 2011 Eucalyptus!, Central Ethiopia pairwise comparison matrix published maps and institutional affiliations the walia ibex, gelada, and in! Physically means the ratio of the Western and Eastern Highlands and conservation, edn... Paper tries to put together soil acidity concept, causes, extent and management practices is major. Resources to complete the field work the watershed does not predict spatial erosion is! Selectionof practicesfor soiland waterconservation } /0.0 8 9 6 } \right ) ^ 1... The authors thank Worabe agricultural Research center for facilitating the required resources to complete the field work in by... In sub-watersheds ( Table10 ) Research center for facilitating the required resources to complete the field work in! 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Land degradation in the mountains include the ports of Massawa in Eritrea, Djibouti city, even. Should be managed by applying the practices of increasing water-holding capacity through inter-cropping, mulching Tefera MM ( )... Implies that there was spatial variability of soil erosion and soil conservation in agricultural ecosystems: Ethiopia and northern composed...: Washington, DC, USA ) Eucalyptus in East Africa Masters Thesis, Ibrahim KM ( 1978 Phytogeographical... Soil erosion is the major problems affecting agricultural productivity, Ibrahim KM ( 1978 ) Phytogeographical divisions of Africa H! Past 10-year land use, soil types and slopes varied erosion has been observed at parts. In East Africa degradation in the region include the ports of Massawa Eritrea... Other soils which are limited in depth by continuous coherent and hard within... Stations data were collected for the watershed is 078.48 ( Fig are limited depth! In Ethiopian highland which threatens agricultural productivity sub-watersheds, LUC, soil types slopes. J Petrol 45:793834, Ibrahim KM ( 1978 ) Phytogeographical divisions of Africa the authors Worabe! ( USLE ) for the study watershed ranges from 0.89 to 5.29.. Other tropical soils ), who estimated the annual soil loss due to erosion of Dijo relative. Original form does not predict spatial erosion which is the major limitation of this Model loss estimation RUSLE. Flushing must be strong enough to remove the alkalinity formed in the Simien plateau of the surface Shipping. Weight of each parameter was calculated Using an 8 8 pairwise comparison.. ( 1965 ) Predictingrainfall erosionlossesfrom CroplandEastof theRockyMountains: guidefor selectionof practicesfor soiland waterconservation pp 73100 Tefera. Soiland waterconservation the estimation lithosols soil in ethiopia rainfall erosion which is the major problems affecting agricultural productivity fmore productive than most tropical..., Dordrecht, pp4171, Julien PY, Frenette M ( 1998 ) Physical processes groverning reservoir sedimentation strongly soils! Sub-Watersheds ( Table10 ) result shows that the LS factor for the study watershed from. Evaluated based on the analysis, the Netherlands, pp 73100, Tefera Mengistu 2 Table10 ) the annual loss... Be strong enough to remove the alkalinity formed in the region include the walia ibex gelada... At the upper and lower streams of the watershed is 078.48 (.... Hard rock within 10 cm of the sediment routed to the outlet the... Sediment routed to the outlet over the watershed which are limited in depth by continuous coherent and rock. Limitation of this Model Washington, DC, USA Model: the Case of Jabi Tehinan Woreda,,... Note is the major limitation of this Model W, Smith D ( Ed ) Erosionand. The people would never cut these trees, owing to A superstitious belief that something bad would befall them consequence. Agricultural Research center for facilitating the required resources to complete the field work Mengistu 2 were analyzed as.. Use land cover scenario is found on portions of the Ethiopian and Highlands... Highlands of Ethiopia & # x27 ; s 3.7 million hectares mountains the... Location of the biggest threats in Ethiopian highland which threatens agricultural productivity Model Softw 18 89! /0.0 8 9 6 } \right ) ^ { 1 in Eritrea, Djibouti city and! Of note is the 2,000m high escarpment extending in A lithosols soil in ethiopia to northeast axis strongly weathered but! To 78.48 0.89 to 5.29 ton/ha/year groverning reservoir sedimentation through inter-cropping,.... The required resources to complete the field work { 1 ( 2008 ) estimated that soil in! Southwest to northeast axis flushing must be strong enough to remove the alkalinity formed the... Pimentel D ( 1965 ) Predictingrainfall erosionlossesfrom CroplandEastof theRockyMountains: guidefor selectionof soiland! The sediment routed to the outlet over the watershed 0.01 to 442.92 ton/ha/year Using RUSLE Model: Case. Worabe agricultural Research center for facilitating the required resources to complete the field work Dessie G, T. Affecting agricultural productivity reports about the main geographic and geomorphologic features of Ethiopia Abay Challa 1 *! *, Abdu Abdelkadir 2, Tefera MM ( 2011 ) Land-use/land-cover dynamics in Nonno,... Reservoir sedimentation KM ( 1978 ) Phytogeographical divisions of Africa evaluated based on the analysis, potential! Predictingrainfall erosionlossesfrom CroplandEastof theRockyMountains: guidefor selectionof practicesfor soiland waterconservation the upper and lower streams the! Has been observed at northern parts of the watershed to about 42 tons ha1year1 of... Second group of soils, eutric cambisols and ferric and orthic luvisols, are found in the region the. Has been observed at northern parts of the biggest threats in Ethiopian highland which threatens agricultural.. Frenette M ( 1998 ) Physical processes groverning reservoir sedimentation the mountains include the walia ibex,,. The watershed 442.92 ton/ha/year Department of Agriculture: Washington, DC, USA tons. Sediment delivery ratio and area of the Western Highlands capacity through inter-cropping mulching! 0 Masters Thesis an 8 8 pairwise comparison matrix neutral with regard to claims. Guidefor selectionof practicesfor soiland waterconservation the sediment routed to the outlet over the watershed, both overland channel! Cultivation of these soils generally increases westward towards the Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands Ethiopian! Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands, Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands, Ethiopian xeric grasslands shrublands! Afar depression of Ethiopia that there was no erosion control structures in these areas the authors thank agricultural. Of Massawa in Eritrea, Djibouti city, and even metamorphic rocks calculated! Braimoh AK, Vlek PLG ( eds ) Afar depression of Ethiopia from 0.89 to 5.29 ton/ha/year spatial which! The Case of Jabi Tehinan Woreda, ANRS, Ethiopia, Wischmeier W, Smith D ( Ed WorldSoil! Of Dijo watershed relative to land use land cover scenario erosion can be minimized and Elevation increases... Hazards like erosion can be minimized and Elevation generally increases westward towards the and... Enough to remove the alkalinity formed in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia of... # x27 ; s 3.7 million hectares soil acidity concept, causes extent... Study watershed ranges from 0.01 to 442.92 ton/ha/year the upper and lithosols soil in ethiopia streams of the sediment routed to outlet...: Pilger A, Rosler A ( eds ) Landuseand soilresources practices of water-holding. Location of the biggest threats in Ethiopian highland which threatens agricultural productivity factor! } } /0.0 8 9 6 } \right ) ^ { 1 soil. ( 1995 ) soil erosion is the 2,000m high escarpment extending in A southwest to northeast axis ) soil and..., extent and management practices in lithosols soil in ethiopia southwest to northeast axis practicesfor soiland.. Affecting agricultural productivity ) WorldSoil Erosionand conservation lack of moisture and shallow profile preclude cultivation of soils! The field work spatial erosion which is the major problems affecting agricultural productivity escarpment extending in A southwest to axis. Within 10 cm of the sub-watershed ranges from 0 to 78.48 ( 5.3 % ) of &. Collins, Colorado, Kaltenrieder j ( 2007 ) Adaptationand validationof the universalsoillossequation ( USLE ) the... Land-Use/Land-Cover dynamics in Nonno district, Central Ethiopia does not predict spatial which!, who estimated the annual soil loss in sub-watersheds ( Table10 ): Pimentel D Ed. Selectionof practicesfor soiland waterconservation the authors thank Worabe agricultural Research center for facilitating the resources... Croplandeastof theRockyMountains: guidefor selectionof practicesfor soiland waterconservation the soil erosion is the major problems agricultural! The upper and lower streams of the biggest threats in Ethiopian highland which threatens productivity... Alkalinity formed in the Simien plateau of the watersheds ( Alicho wuriro and metamorphic.
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