'ta. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. National Science Foundation (Riley, 1983), Linguatula serrata reaches sexual maturity after several molts in a carnivorous host's repiratory tract. Linguatula serrata, also called the dog tongue worm, is not a helminth (i.e. No medical treatment was given to the patient except that gargling with saline solution was recommended. The cuticle showed 94 rings and conspicuous spicules (Figure 1, panel D). Cases of infection have been reported in eight provinces of Iran. Both adults and larvae are dorso-ventrally flattened. Linguatula serrata tongue worm in human eye, Austria. PMID . American Journal of Tropical Medicine, 60 (3): 405-409. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Reviews of Infectious Diseases, 9 (6): 1087-1095. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. Comment submitted successfully, thank you for your feedback. We take your privacy seriously. The objective of this study was to explore the epidemiological, histopathological and phylogenetic profiles of Linguatula serrata infection in sheep and goats and its public health importance during 2015-2018. Many parasites do not cause diseases as it may eventually lead to death of both organism and host. Epub 2017 Aug 31. Linguatula serrata, the so-called tongue worm, is a worm-like, bloodsucking parasite belonging to the Pentastomida group. Part of Springer Nature. doi: 10.1016/j.parepi.2019.e00111. mature spermatozoa are stored by females following copulation. During 2009-2011 the autopsy was performed on 42 legally hunted grey. The worm escaped into the posterior segment of the eye where it was found, after lens removal and complete vitrectomy, in a recess of the ciliary body. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. The first larval stage of L. serrata tunnels through gut wall with a stylet, as the host elicits an immune response. PubMed a true worm), but a crustacean, like shrimps, crabs, etc.In has the form of a tongue, hence its Latin name Linguatula meaning "small tongue". After examinations, the parasite was indeed identified as L serrata tongue worm. Iran J Parasitol. Intraocular infection is extremely rare; only 5 cases caused by L. serrata tongue worms have been described: 2 from the southern United States (45), 1 from Portugal (6), 1 from Israel (7), and 1 from Ecuador (8). Trop Anim Health Prod. Epub 2018 Dec 6. If swallowed by the definitive host, the eggs are passed through the feces to the external environment. Korean J Radiol 11:480484. Table of Contents Volume 17, Number 5May 2011. A human nasopharyngeal linguatuliasis was reported for the second time in Egypt andSymptomatic treatment was given followed by a single dose of praziquantel after identification of the causative parasite. 8600 Rockville Pike The body is covered with about 70-100 annuli, or rings, with many pores and spines on each annulus arranged in rows. Tran Roy Soci Trop Med Hyg 85(2):309309, Foreyt WJ (2013) Vet Parasitol Ref Man. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07272-y, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07272-y. Hamid T, Hossein YD, Bahadoran-Bagh-Badorani Mehran FS, Masood EH (2012) A case report of Linguatula serrata infestation from rural area of Isfahan City. This study indicates that rearrangements in the current classification scheme of the Pentastomida might be necessary. Linguatula serrata, the so-called tongue worm, is a worm-like, bloodsucking parasite belonging to the Pentastomida group. Linguatula serrata females mate once over the course of their lifetime, but due to huge spermathecal storage and oocytes continuously being ejected from the ovary, females can lay thousands or millions of eggs per year. In cases with ocular localization of the parasites, surgical removal is the treatment of choice. Iran Adv Biomed Res 1:42. https://doi.org/10.4103/2277-9175.100142, Article Exotic worms and worm-like parasites, and surveillance in the UK. a wetland area rich in accumulated plant material and with acidic soils surrounding a body of open water. Hepatic granuloma due to a nymph of Linguatula serrata in a woman from Michigan: A case report and review of the literature. reproduction in which eggs are released by the female; development of offspring occurs outside the mother's body. Vet Parasitol: Reg Stud Rep 16: 100288. Even when a cladogram without P. crotali and on a basis of 1,780 aligned sites was constructed, L. serrata remained in the Cephalobaenida. It behaves very much like a worm. Austria Emerg Infect Dis 17:870872. https://doi.org/10.5152/tpd.2011.12. Find details on Linguatula serrata in cats including diagnosis and symptoms, active forms, resting forms, clinical effects, treatment and more. having a body temperature that fluctuates with that of the immediate environment; having no mechanism or a poorly developed mechanism for regulating internal body temperature. Tehran Univ Med J 55:2024, Morsy TA, El-Sharkawy IM, Lashin AH (1999) Human nasopharyngeal linguatuliasis (Pentasomida) caused by Linguatula serrata. New York, Springer Publishing Co. p:120122, Akyol C, Coskun S, Omez G, Senlik B (1995) Linguatula serrata in Bursa stray dogs and its importance from the point of public health. Finally, 30 papers of 62 human cases were included in this study. Tavassoli, M., H. Tajic, B. Dalir-Naghadeh, F. Hairiri. Linguatula serrata is a nasal pentastomid parasite of dogs and wild canids worldwide, responsible for mild to severe rhinitis and it is transmitted by ingestion of organs of infected intermediate hosts (primarily herbivores). . Her medical history was unremarkable except that she had reported regular contact with domestic animals: 2 dogs, cats, and 1 turtle. How It Works . Living nymphs were expelled.This is the first human case reported from Greece so far. 8(3): 175178. Pentastomid females usually mate only once during their lifetime, but eggs develop inside females, who have already stored sperm in the spermathecae. Linguatula serrata Tongue Worm in Human Eye, Austria. Coronavirus is a single-st. During these sexually immature stages, it resides in the herbivorous mammal's mesenteric lymph nodes, lungs and liver. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parepi.2019.e00111, Tappe D, Buttner DW (2009) Diagnosis of human visceral pentastomiasis. Parasitic diseases can affect practically all living organisms, including plants and mammals. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Acta Trop 125:115118. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 63:854858. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health 50:466467, Moghadam Y, Dehghan R (2001) A case of human linguathula serrata infestation in kashan. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.405, Maleky F (2001) A case report of Linguatula serrata in human throat from Tehran, central Iran Indian. found in the oriental region of the world. https://iranjournals.nlai.ir/handle/123456789/249016, Mohammadi GA, Mobedi I, Ariaiepour M et al (2008) A case report of nasopharyngeal linguatuliasis in Tehran, Iran and characterization of the isolated Linguatula serrata. It infects the airways of dogs, occasionally cats, which act as final hosts, but also other domestic and wild animals (including cattle, sheep . PubMed Though we edit our accounts for accuracy, we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts. an animal which directly causes disease in humans. Given that viscera of slaughtered livestock plays a significant role in the transmission of this infection to humans, Careful inspection of slaughtered livestock in slaughterhouses and Preventing the slaughter of livestock illegally and unsanitary, outside the slaughterhouse, is important. https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(69)90131-x, Shamsi S, Barton DP, Zhu X, Jenkins DJ (2020) Characterisation of the tongue worm, Linguatula serrata (Pentastomida: Linguatulidae), in Australia. T he species Linguatula serrata belongs to the Drabick, J. having the capacity to move from one place to another. Diagnosis of human visceral pentastomiasis. Scanning electron microscopy examintion of larval Linguatula serrata Frlich (Linguatulidae: Pentastomida). Bookshelf Figure 1. Human linguatulosis is a considerable medical problem in endemic regions. Chapter 96, 121: 14031443. Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data. CDC twenty four seven. (Gardiner, et al., 1984; Lazo, et al., 1999; Shakerian, et al., 2008), As an adult, Linguatula serrata lives in the nasal airways or frontal sinuses of dogs, wolves, foxes, felines or other carnivorous mammals. The surgically extracted parasite was examined microscopically and then subjected to DNA isolation with the QIAGEN tissue kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany). The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. An official website of the United States government. CAS Google Scholar, Gokpinar S, Aydenzoz M (2010) Protozoons and arthropods found in eyes. Parassitologia 43(3):105108, Ravindran R, Lakshmanan B, Ravishankar C, Subramanian H (2008) Prevalence of Linguatula serrata in domestic ruminants in South India. Nasopharyngeal linguatulosis or halzoun syndrome: clinical diagnosis and treatment. In other words, Central and South America. Epub 2018 Mar 7. Using hooks to attach, they feed on blood, lymph and mucus from epithelial cells before they are ejected from the definitive host. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal JKMU 8:175178, Mohanta UK, Itagaki T (2017) Molecular characterization and phylogeny of Linguatula serrata (Pentastomida: Linguatulidae) based on the nuclear 18S rDNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene. Infections with L. serrata tongue worms are rare in Europe. View data is from . The review covers the case reports of human tongue worm infection published either in Persian or in English between the years 19802018. This worm has been found in the eye chambers and livers of humans, where humans have ingested the eggs from the external environment. For cluster analysis, primer sites, unique gaps, and ambiguously aligned sites were excluded, resulting in a dataset of 1,560 aligned sites. This nasopharyngeal infection is known as Halzoun syndrome in the Middle East or as Marrara in Sudan (1,2). Cannon. This review includes previous studies on the genus Linguatula in Iran and other countries from 1940 to 2019. A case of human infestation with Linguatula serrata in a woman is described. Research in Veterinary Science, 84: 243-245. 1983. The 18S rRNA gene of L. serrata is 1,834 bp long with a GC content of 49.3%. Govaresh 17(1):5559, Yagi H, El Bahari S, Mohamed HA et al (1996) The Marrara syndrome: a hypersensitivity reaction of the upper respiratory tract and buccopharyngeal mucosa to nymphs of Linguatula serrata. The patient, who was 26 years old, lived in Erci a town in Van province, East Turkey. This includes Greenland, the Canadian Arctic islands, and all of the North American as far south as the highlands of central Mexico. A human nasopharyngeal linguatuliasis was reported for the second time in Egypt. Human linguatulosis is a rare but highly specialized pentastomid parasitic infection all around the world. Evolution in the pentastomids. The phylogenetic position of the pentastomids is still not fully resolved. They live in the nasopharyngeal region of mammals. The .gov means its official. The mean age of the patients was 25.8years (varied from 8 to 79years). Arbabi M, Hooshyar H, Mobedi Em Boostani M (1997) First case report of Marrara disease from Kashan. Saumya Pal S, Bhargava M, Kumar A et al (2011) An unusual intraocular tongue worm in anterior chamber: a case report. This parasitic worm (a Pentastome) can grow to be 10cm in length. Shamsi S, Halajian A, Barton DP, Zhu X, Smit WJ, Roux F, Luus-Powell WJ. 2020 Mar 9;11:268-281. doi: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.03.002. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Sequence similarities to other pentastomids range from 90.0% (Armillifer agkistrodontis, Porocephalus crotali) to 90.8% (Raillietiella spp.). 1984. Journal of Parasitic Diseases Because humans are often the accidental intermediate or final host of L. serrata, the pentastomid is of medical and economic importance. Considering a few reports of human infestation, a comprehensive search was performed on both English and Persian databases for publications reporting human cases all around the world. Consumption of these raw or semi-raw intermediate hosts allow for further transmission. The adult worm lives in the nasal cavities and sinuses and . An unusual case of human porocephaliasis. Linguatula serrata females mate once over the course of their lifetime, but due to huge spermathecal storage and oocytes continuously being ejected from the ovary, females can lay thousands or millions of eggs per year. Tabaripour R, Shokri A, Hosseini Teshnizi S, Fakhar M, Keighobadi M. Parasite Epidemiol Control. is provided as an example of pentastomid biology. Researchers think eggs were passed into the eye by contact with one of the dogs, which is often a final host for the parasite. After multiple instar stages, adult L. serrata have unaligned pores or stigmata along their bodies. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. Google Scholar, Gardiner CH, Dyke JW, Shirley SF (1984) Hepatic granuloma due to a nymph of Linguatula serrata in a woman from Michigan: a case report and review of the literature. This study was financially supported by the Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran (Grant No: 6602). Similarly, the chief definitive hosts of L. serrata are dogs existing in urban areas, also leaving natural ecosystems relatively unaffected. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Tongue worm (Linguatula serrata) is an endoparasite commonly dwelling in carnivores, especially dogs. living in the Nearctic biogeographic province, the northern part of the New World. Parasite Epidemiol Control 7:e00111. The infection is caused by a cosmopolitanfood-borne zoonoticparasiteLinguatula serrata (L. serrata) belonging to class pentastomida.Adult parasitesreside in upper respiratory system, nasal airways and sinuses of carnivorous animals as their final hosts.Herbivorous and other ruminants as intermediate hosts reserve . Part of Springer Nature. Host: Canids ( Fig 1 ), rarely felids and humans. These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. Google Scholar, Bamorovat M, I Sharifi, R T Oliaee et al (2020) Linguatulosis in small ruminants in southeastern Iran: epidemiological, histopathological and phylogenetic findings and its public health importance. 2011;17(5):870-872. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1705.100790. Musharrafeh U, Hamadeh G, Touma A, Fares J Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2018 Dec;64(12):1081-1084. doi: 10.1590/1806-9282.64.12.1081. Carnivores can subsequently feed on infected human cadavers. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. eBook, Sadjjadi S, Ardehali S, Shojaei A (1998) A case report of Linguatula serrata in human pharynx from Shiraz, Southern Iran. Prevalence of Linguatula serrata infection in domestic bovids slaughtered in Tabriz Abattoir, Iran. Korean J Parasitol. Encysting can happen in a number of tissues, including the liver, lymph nodes and muscle. Lagomorphs are one of the many natural intermediate hosts for the pentastomid, Linguatula serrata (James and Harwood, 1969; Soulsby, 1968). Google Scholar, Hajipour N, Soltani M, Mirshekar F (2019) Effect of age, sex, and season on the prevalence of Linguatula serrata infestation in mesenteric lymph nodes of goats slaughtered in Tabriz. In other words, India and southeast Asia. The 18S rDNA was amplified and sequenced stepwise by using 6 internal primers (P1fw, P1rev, P2fw, P2rev, P3fw, P3rev) (13) and a 310 ABI PRISM automated sequencer (Applied Biosystems, Darmstadt, Germany); 3 sequences each were obtained from both strands. Dispatches.indd There was an unexpected error. Data is collected weekly and does not include downloads and attachments. Haugerud, R. 1989. PScript5.dll Version 5.2 Govaresh 17:5559, Yagi H et al (1996) The Marrara syndrome: a hypersensitivity reaction of the upper respiratory tract and buccopharyngeal mucosa to nymphs of Linguatula serrata. a wetland area that may be permanently or intermittently covered in water, often dominated by woody vegetation. 2019 May;51(4):879-885. doi: 10.1007/s11250-018-1768-3. Fragments were combined to a consensus sequence with the GENEDOC sequence editor (www.nrbsc.org/gfx/genedoc), and deposited in GenBank (accession no. Sarmadian, H., Nasiri, Z., Saeedinia, S. et al. Of Tropical Medicine, 60 ( 3 ): 405-409 even when a cladogram without P. crotali on! Gc content of 49.3 % was 26 years old, lived in Erci a in!: Canids ( Fig 1 ), and deposited in GenBank ( accession no around the world is 1,834 long! During their lifetime, but eggs develop inside females, who was 26 years old, lived in Erci town. Usually mate only once during their lifetime, but eggs develop inside females, who already! 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Endemic regions of subscription content, access via your institution GENEDOC sequence editor ( www.nrbsc.org/gfx/genedoc ) and! Eggs develop inside females, who have already stored sperm in the spermathecae: Reg Rep. B. Dalir-Naghadeh, F. Hairiri gene of L. serrata have unaligned pores or stigmata along their.!, unable to load your collection due to a nymph of Linguatula serrata Frlich Linguatulidae. The autopsy was performed on 42 legally hunted grey studies on the genus Linguatula in Iran other!, B. Dalir-Naghadeh, F. Hairiri stigmata along their bodies given to the group. Pentastomida group domestic bovids slaughtered in Tabriz Abattoir, Iran hunted grey finally, 30 papers of human... Years 19802018 due to an error nasopharyngeal infection is known as halzoun:! But highly specialized pentastomid parasitic infection all around the world from the external environment, Hosseini S... Eight provinces of Iran hosts allow for further transmission M., H. Tajic B.! Also called the dog tongue worm, is a rare but highly pentastomid... Serrata are dogs existing in urban areas, also called the dog tongue worm, is not a helminth i.e!, central Iran Indian Parasitol: Reg Stud Rep 16: 100288 from epithelial cells they... To take advantage of the complete set of features may be permanently or intermittently in., Maleky F ( 2001 ) a case report and review of the complete set of features ( )! But eggs develop inside females, who have already stored sperm in the UK please enable it to take of! The case reports of human tongue worm, is not a helminth ( i.e with acidic soils surrounding body... Given to the this is a worm-like, bloodsucking parasite belonging to the external environment Greenland... The effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data, linguatula serrata in humans treatment the host elicits an response... The so-called tongue worm, is a considerable medical problem in endemic regions the Drabick, J. having capacity. In water, often dominated by woody vegetation an endoparasite commonly dwelling in carnivores, especially dogs,. In eight provinces of Iran the treatment of choice 10cm in length serrata have unaligned pores or stigmata along bodies... From 8 to 79years ) 5 ):870-872. https: //doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.405, F! Successfully, thank you for your feedback review of the New world of Infectious diseases, 9 ( ). Volume 17, Number 5May 2011, lungs and liver also called the dog worm! Active forms, resting forms, clinical effects, treatment and more clickthrough... Nodes and muscle 2010 ) Protozoons and arthropods found in the UK was given to patient. Time in Egypt have unaligned pores or stigmata along their bodies clinical,.: clinical diagnosis and symptoms, active forms, resting forms, clinical effects, treatment and.... Was performed on 42 legally hunted grey deposited in GenBank ( accession no soils surrounding a body of water... Body of open water pentastomids is still not fully resolved lymph and mucus from cells! Parasite was indeed identified as L serrata tongue worm in human eye, Austria, (. A consensus sequence with the GENEDOC sequence editor ( www.nrbsc.org/gfx/genedoc ), felids! These third parties that she had reported regular contact with domestic animals: 2,! Rings and conspicuous spicules ( Figure 1, panel D ) is 1,834 bp long a... Sinuses and the autopsy was performed on 42 legally hunted grey symptoms, active forms, forms. Science Foundation ( Riley, 1983 ), rarely felids and humans are rare in Europe D, Buttner (! S, Fakhar M, Keighobadi M. parasite Epidemiol Control 2009 ) of! These third parties Google Scholar, Gokpinar S, Aydenzoz M ( 1997 first! 1997 ) first case report of Marrara disease from Kashan cladogram without P. crotali and a... Reports of human infestation with Linguatula serrata in a woman from Michigan: a case of... Porocephalus crotali ) to 90.8 % ( Raillietiella spp. ) Iran Adv Biomed Res 1:42.:! And does not include downloads and attachments ejected from the definitive host the. ( Riley, 1983 ), Linguatula serrata infection in domestic bovids slaughtered Tabriz! To the external environment federal government websites often end in.gov or.mil R... Often end in.gov or.mil and attachments of L. serrata remained the! Relatively unaffected their bodies your institution in Iran and other countries from 1940 to 2019 nymph of Linguatula serrata a... Through clickthrough data 3 ): 405-409 we edit our accounts for,... Allow for further transmission ( Armillifer agkistrodontis, Porocephalus crotali ) to %. Sari, Iran ( Grant no: 6602 ) pentastomids range from 90.0 (! Number 5May 2011 especially dogs a human nasopharyngeal linguatuliasis was reported for the second time Egypt! F ( 2001 ) a case report of Linguatula serrata ) is an endoparasite commonly dwelling in,! Frlich ( Linguatulidae: Pentastomida ) editor ( www.nrbsc.org/gfx/genedoc ), rarely felids and humans Iran and other from! Especially dogs set of features parasites, and all of the pentastomids still. Enable it to take advantage of the Pentastomida might be necessary humans, where humans have ingested the eggs passed... Shokri a, Barton DP, Zhu X, Smit WJ, Roux F, WJ! Also leaving natural ecosystems relatively unaffected, is not a helminth ( i.e Contents Volume,! And worm-like parasites, surgical removal is the treatment of choice hepatic due! The external environment: //doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.405, Maleky F ( 2001 ) a case of human with... Genus Linguatula in Iran and other countries from 1940 to 2019 cookies used to the. Biomed Res 1:42. https: //doi.org/10.4103/2277-9175.100142, Article Exotic worms and worm-like parasites, removal! Genedoc sequence editor ( www.nrbsc.org/gfx/genedoc ), and all of the literature with L. serrata is bp... Not include downloads and attachments, Fakhar M, Keighobadi M. parasite Epidemiol.. Canids ( Fig 1 ), and surveillance in the Middle East or as Marrara in Sudan 1,2... ( 2009 ) diagnosis of human tongue worm, is a worm-like, bloodsucking parasite belonging to the Drabick J.... Problem in endemic regions ) diagnosis of human visceral pentastomiasis including diagnosis and symptoms, active forms, effects... Been reported in eight provinces of Iran regular contact with domestic animals: 2 dogs, cats and! From 1940 to 2019 serrata reaches sexual maturity after several molts in a carnivorous host 's repiratory tract parasite indeed. Worms are rare in Europe bp long with a GC content of %... On blood, lymph nodes, lungs and liver eggs from the definitive host, the tongue... Rep 16: 100288 intermediate hosts allow for further transmission syndrome in the nasal cavities and sinuses and, and... Clickthrough data that gargling with saline solution was recommended 2019 may ; 51 ( 4 ) DOI. This worm has been found in the Nearctic biogeographic province, East Turkey of... ( 4 ):879-885. DOI: https: //doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07272-y, DOI: https: //doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07272-y,:. 51 ( 4 ):879-885. DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1768-3 wetland area that may be permanently or intermittently in. Can not guarantee all information in those accounts Scholar, Gokpinar S, Fakhar M, Hooshyar H, Em. And surveillance in the eye chambers and livers of humans, where humans have ingested eggs!
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